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paradise fish
The paradise fish, paradisefish, or paradise gourami (''Macropodus opercularis'') is a species of gourami found in most types of fresh water in East Asia, ranging from the Korean Peninsula to northern Vietnam. This species can reach a length of , though most are only about .
Paradise gouramis were one of the first ornamental fish available to western aquarium keepers, having been imported 1869 to France by the French aquarium fish importer Pierre Carbonnier in Paris. The paradise fish is one of the more aggressive members of its family. It is more aggressive than the three spot gourami, yet less pugnacious in nature than the less commonly kept combtail.
==Behaviour==
Paradise fish are fairly combative, harassing and attacking each other, as well as potentially killing small fish. During a fight, the paradise fish will often change its color, usually displaying dark blue lateral lines on the sides of their bodies; extend its fins; and spread out its operculum.〔Bischof, Claudia. "Diversity In Agonistic Behavior Of Croaking Gouramis (Trichopsis Vittata, T. Schalleri, And T. Pumila; Anabantoidei) And The Paradise Fish (Macropodus Opercularis; Anabantoidei)." Aggressive Behavior 22.6 (1996): 447-455. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.〕 Paradise fish are more likely to show aggressive behavior towards other paradise fish than to fish of a different species. Acts of aggression tend to increase as the distance to the fish's home increases.〔Gerlai, Robert, and Jerry A. Hogan. "Learning To Find The Opponent: An Ethological Analysis Of The Behavior Of Paradise Fish (Macropodus Opercularis) In Intra- And Interspecific Encounters." Journal Of Comparative Psychology 106.3 (1992): 306-315. PsycARTICLES. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.〕 In the wild, they are predators, eating insects, invertebrates, and fish fry. The popularity of this species has waned in recent decades as much more colorful (and often less pugnacious) species of gouramis have become widely available to hobbyists. This species is one of the few fish that can change its color (lighter or darker) in response to stimuli. It also appears that paradise fish are capable of learning though a type of restrictive process. Most forms of active teaching seem to hinder the paradise fish's ability to learn.〔Warren, J. M. "Reversal Learning By Paradise Fish (Macropodus Opercularis)." Journal Of Comparative And Physiological Psychology 53.4 (1960): 376-378. PsycARTICLES. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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